Кишечный микробиом в питании домашних животных-компаньонов: новые научные данные, функциональные рационы и стратегии персонализированного корма

Кишечный микробиом рассматривается как один из ключевых факторов, определяющих здоровье, метаболизм и исходы заболеваний у домашних животных-компаньонов. Достижения в области высокопроизводительного секвенирования и метаболомики позволили выявить сложные микробные экосистемы у собак и кошек, которые динамично взаимодействуют с рационом, генетическими особенностями хозяина и факторами окружающей среды. В данном обзоре обобщены современные данные о связи кишечного микробиома с метаболизмом питательных веществ, иммунной модуляцией, метаболическими заболеваниями и реакцией на функциональные рационы у домашних животных. Рассматриваются механизмы влияния рациона на состав и функции микробиоты, оценивается роль новых функциональных ингредиентов (пребиотики, пробиотики, постбиотики, ферментированные компоненты), а также анализируются стратегии персонализированного питания на основе профилирования микробиома. Кроме того, обозначены существующие пробелы в исследованиях и перспективные направления интеграции микробиомных данных в разработку кормов и клиническую практику. Понимание и эффективное использование взаимодействий «кишечник–рацион–организм» открывает широкие возможности для оптимизации здоровья, профилактики заболеваний и создания кормов нового поколения. Подход, основанный на междисциплинарном взаимодействии, является ключевым для преодоления разрыва между фундаментальной микробиологией и практической нутрициологией.

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