Персонализированная метаболомика и питание, основанное на биомаркерах, у домашних животных: комплексный обзор новейших исследований

Персонализированное питание, ранее ограниченное сферой персонализированного здоровья человека, стремительно развивается как трансформирующая парадигма в науке о домашних животных. Современные достижения в метаболомике, анализе микробиома, интеграции мультиомикс-данных и искусственном интеллекте (ИИ) создали беспрецедентные возможности для разработки рационов, адаптированных к индивидуальному метаболическому профилю животного, а не основанных исключительно на популяционных нормах потребности в питательных веществах. В данном обзоре представлены новейшие (2020–2025 гг.) достижения в области метаболомики домашних животных, включая выявление метаболических биомаркеров крови, мочи, фекалий, слюны, шерсти и кожи; их связь с показателями здоровья; а также их значение для разработки рационов, основанных на биомаркерах, для собак и кошек. Также была рассмотрена интеграция метаболомики с секвенированием микробиома, носимыми биосенсорами, алгоритмами прогнозирования пищевых реакций, машинным обучением для оценки риска заболеваний и новыми коммерческими инструментами персонализированного питания домашних животных. Обзор завершается анализом исследовательских пробелов, нормативных аспектов и будущих направлений, включая метаболомические паспорта, динамическую оптимизацию рационов, прецизионный баланс аминокислот, формулы, модулирующие микробиом, и ИИ-управляемые индивидуализированные системы кормления. Персонализированная метаболомика готова переопределить научный и коммерческий ландшафт питания домашних животных в течение следующего десятилетия.

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