Новые инновации в области кормов для домашних животных (2023–2025): альтернативные белки, питание, ориентированное на микробиом, и обработка с учетом безопасности

В период с 2023 до середины 2025 года в секторе кормов для домашних животных произошли быстрые инновации, вызванные целями в области устойчивого развития, достижениями в науке о микробиоме и новыми требованиями к переработке и упаковке. В этом обзоре обобщены последние разработки в четырех основных областях: (1) альтернативные и новые белки (насекомые, одноклеточные белки и культивируемое мясо), (2) питание, ориентированное на микробиом, с акцентом на постбиотики и ранние подходы к точному питанию, (3) переработка с учетом безопасности, в частности переработка под высоким давлением (HPP) для сырых и минимально обработанных рационов и (4) проблемы, связанные с загрязнителями и упаковкой (микотоксины, устойчивость к антимикробным препаратам, PFAS). Мы обсуждаем важные этапы в области регулирования, обобщаем ключевые данные (состав питательных веществ, проверенные параметры обработки, результаты мониторинга), выявляем критические пробелы в знаниях (потребности кошек, долгосрочные испытания кормов, валидация процессов для конкретных рецептур) и предлагаем программу НИОКР для заинтересованных сторон из промышленности и академических кругов. В ближайшей перспективе исследования должны сосредоточиться на тщательно проведённых испытаниях кормления домашних животных, валидации процессов на уровне рецептуры и прозрачности цепочки поставок, чтобы заявления о устойчивости опирались на данные о воздействии, скорректированные по питательной ценности. Дальнейший прогресс также будет зависеть от тесного сотрудничества между индустрией, наукой и регулирующими органами, чтобы перевести инновации из пилотных проектов в безопасные, доступные и полезные корма для широкого рынка домашних животных.

1. Banks, I. J. (2025). Dried whole black soldier fly larvae consumption... [Study]. PubMed Central. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12023938/

2. Kotob, G. (2022). Potential application of black soldier fly fats in canine and feline nutrition. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1226861522001273

3. Lee, A. (2023). Inactivation of Salmonella, shiga toxin-producing E. coli, and Listeria monocytogenes in commercial raw pet foods by high-pressure processing. Journal of Food Protection. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37414286/

4. Lee, A. (2024). The combined use of high pressure processing and other interventions for pathogen inactivation in pet food. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X24001741

5. Salminen, S., et al. (ISAPP). (2021). Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 18, 649–667. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-021-00440-6

6. Su, H. (2025). Black soldier fly larvae as a novel protein feed: a systematic critical review. PubMed Central. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12386760/

7. Kumar R, Goswami M, Pathak V. Innovations in pet nutrition: investigating diverse formulations and varieties of pet food: mini review. MOJ Food Process Technols. 2024;12(1):86‒89. DOI: 10.15406/mojfpt.2024.12.00302

8. Kumar R, Goswami M. Harnessing poultry slaughter waste for sustainable pet nutrition: a catalyst for growth in the pet food industry. J Dairy Vet Anim Res. 2024;13(1):31‒33. DOI: 10.15406/jdvar.2024.13.00344

9. Kumar, R. (2024). Promoting Pet Food Sustainability: Integrating Slaughterhouse By-products and Fibrous Vegetables Waste. Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences, 6, 07-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/ASVS.2024.06.0871

10. 10. Kumar, R., & Goswami, M. (2024). Exploring Palatability in Pet Food: Assessment Methods and Influential Factors. International Journal of Livestock Research, 14(4).

11. Kumar, R., & Goswami, M. (2024). Feathered nutrition: unlocking the potential of poultry byproducts for healthier pet foods. Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences. (ISSN: 2582-3183), 6(4).

12. Kumar, R., & Goswami, M. (2024). Optimizing Pet Food Formulations with Alternative Ingredients and Byproducts. Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences (ISSN: 2582-3183), 6(4).

13. Kumar, R., & Sharma, A. (2024). A Comprehensive Analysis and Evaluation of Various Porcine Byproducts in Canine Diet Formulation. Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 7(3), 236-246. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajravs/2024/v7i3308

14. Kumar, R., & Sharma, A. (2024). Deciphering new nutritional substrates for precision pet food formulation. International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry.https://doi.org/10.22271/veterinary,202(4),v9.

15. Kumar, R., & Sharma, A. (2024). Prebiotic-driven Gut Microbiota Dynamics: Enhancing Canine Health via Pet Food Formulation. International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 15(Jun, 6), 01-15. https://doi.org/10.23910/1.2024.5359

16. Kumar, R., & Sharma, A. (2024). Review of Pet Food Packaging in the US Market: Future Direction Towards Innovation and Sustainability. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 39(6), 16-30. https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2024/v39i62085

17. Kumar, R., Goswami, M. and Pathak, V. (2023). Enhancing Microbiota Analysis, Shelf-life, and Palatability Profile in Affordable Poultry Byproduct Pet Food Enriched with Diverse Fibers and Binders. J. Anim. Res., 13(05): 815-831. DOI: 10.30954/2277-940X.05.2023.24

18. Kumar, R., Goswami, M. and Pathak, V. (2023). Enhancing Microbiota Analysis, Shelf-life, and Palatability Profile in Affordable Poultry Byproduct Pet Food Enriched with Diverse Fibers and Binders. J. Anim. Res., 13(05): 815-831. DOI: 10.30954/2277-940X.05.2023.24

19. Kumar, R., Goswami, M., & Pathak, V. (2024). Gas Chromatography Based Analysis of fatty acid profiles in poultry byproduct-based pet foods: Implications for Nutritional Quality and Health Optimization. Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry, 14(4), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i4289

20. Kumar, R., Goswami, M., Pathak, V., & Singh, A. (2024). Effect of binder inclusion on poultry slaughterhouse byproducts incorporated pet food characteristics and palatability. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 24(1), 177-191. DOI: 10.5958/0974-181X.2024.00013.1

21. Kumar, R., Goswami, M., Pathak, V., & Singh, A. (2024). Effect of binder inclusion on poultry slaughterhouse byproducts incorporated pet food characteristics and palatability. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 24(1), 177-191. DOI: 10.5958/0974-181X.2024.00013.1

22. Kumar, R., Goswami, M., Pathak, V., Bharti, S.K., Verma, A.K., Rajkumar, V. and Patel, P. 2023. Utilization of poultry slaughter byproducts to develop cost effective dried pet food. Anim. Nutr. Technol., 23: 165-174. DOI: 10.5958/0974-181X.2023.00015.X

23. Kumar, R., Goswami, M., Pathak, V., Bharti, S.K., Verma, A.K., Rajkumar, V. and Patel, P. 2023. Utilization of poultry slaughter byproducts to develop cost effective dried pet food. Anim. Nutr. Technol., 23: 165-174. DOI: 10.5958/0974-181X.2023.00015.X

24. Kumar, R., Goswami, M., Pathak, V., Verma, A.K. and Rajkumar, V. 2023. Quality improvement of poultry slaughterhouse byproducts-based pet food with incorporation of fiber-rich vegetable powder. Explor. Anim. Med. Res., 13(1): 54-61. DOI: 10.52635/eamr/13.1.54-61

25. AAFCO. (2023, July 31). AAFCO membership approves new model pet food and specialty pet food regulations. https://www.aafco.org/news/aafco-membership-approves-new-model-pet-food-and-specialty-pet-food-regulations/

26. Meatly. (2024, July 10). Press release: Meatly becomes first European company ever to be authorized to sell cultivated meat.https://meatly.pet/meatly-approval/

27. FoodNavigator. (2024, July 17). Meatly gets UK approval for use of cultivated meat in pet food. https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2024/07/17/Meatly-gets-UK-approval-for-use-of-cultivated-meat-in-pet-food/

28. Meatly. (2025, Feb 6). Meatly launches world’s first cultivated pet food! https://meatly.pet/meatly-launches-worlds-first-cultivated-pet-food/

29. ADM. (2025, May 22). ADM clinical trial demonstrates promising effects of PRIOME® MH postbiotic to support canine metabolic health [Press release]. https://www.adm.com/en-us/news/news-releases/2025/5/adm-clinical-trial-demonstrates-promising-effects-of-priome-mh-postbiotic-to-support-canine-metabolic-health/

30. Petfood Industry. (2025, May 30). Study: ADM postbiotic may support blood sugar levels in dogs. https://www.petfoodindustry.com/nutrition/pet-food-additives-supplements/news/15747332/study-adm-postbiotic-may-support-blood-sugar-levels-in-dogs

31. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2025, June 30). Report of FY 2024 survey of animal food packaging for PFAS [PDF]. https://www.fda.gov/media/187097/download

32. Kumar, R., & Sharma, A. (2025). The Role of Omics Technologies in Pet Food Science: Advancing Nutrition, Health, and Safety. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 40(3), 101-115.