Microscopic analysis of the structures of textile materials dyed with natural dyes

This work is devoted to the study of the problem of environmental pollution caused by the use of synthetic dyes in the textile industry, and offers a solution in the form of using natural dyes of plant origin. Synthetic dyes, despite their cheapness and stability, cause significant harm to the environment and human health. In this regard, the aim of the study is to develop technologies for dyeing textile materials using extracts of natural dyes obtained from local plant materials.The scientific significance of the study lies in the in-depth analysis of the effect of natural dyes on the properties of textile materials and in the proposal of environmentally friendly technologies for their processing. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of developing innovative dyeing methods that can reduce environmental pollution and ensure the resistance of fabric to washing and wear.The research methodology includes the use of a field emission scanning electron microscope with an X-ray spectral microanalyzer to study the morphology of the fabric surface and the elemental composition of fibers before and after dyeing with natural dyes with mordant. The main results show that adding mordant to extracts improves color saturation and fastness, and also improves the physical and mechanical properties of fabrics. The study revealed changes in the chemical composition of fibers, such as an increase in the content of aluminum, potassium and titanium, which confirms the effectiveness of the technologies used.The value of the study lies in promoting the concept of sustainable and environmentally friendly production in the textile industry, as well as in proposing new dyeing methods that can significantly reduce the environmental burden. The practical significance of the work is to develop a technological basis for the production of environmentally friendly textiles that can be used in various areas of the light industry.

1. Shagina N.A. “Razrabotka ekologichnoy tekhnologii ispol'zovaniya prirodnykh krasiteley rastitel'nogo proiskhozhdeniya v kolorirovanii tekstilya [Development of environmentally friendly technology for using natural dyes of plant origin in textile coloring].” Diss. k.t.n., M., 2015,134 s. (In Russian)

2. A. M. Kiselov. “Ekologicheskiye aspekty protsessov otdelki tekstil'nykh materialov [Environmental aspects of textile finishing processes].” Ros. khim. zh. (ZH. Ros. khim. ob-va im. D.I. Mendeleyeva), 2002, t. XLVI, № 1 (In Russian)

3. Kovtun Ye.G., Malankina Ye.L., Artamontseva L.V., Lyul'ko N.I. “ Vliyaniye protsessa krasheniya shersti prirodnymi krasitelyami na rastvormost' sherstyanogo volokna v mochevino-gidrosul'fitnom i shchelochnom rastvorakh [Influence of the process of dyeing wool with natural dyes on the solubility of wool fiber in urea-hydrosulfite and alkaline solutions].” // Tekhnologiya tekstl'noy promyshlennosti, 2007, № 3 (298) s.67-69 (In Russian)

4. Badanova R.R., Badanov K.I., Badanov I.K. “Ustroystvo dlya realizatsii khimiko-tekhnologi-cheskikh protseccov tekstil'noy promysh-lennosti [Device for the implementation of chemical-technological processes in the textile industry].” // Mekhanika i tekhnologii. – 2014. - №4.- P. 24 - 30. (In Russian)

5. Patent №17654 Respublika Kazakhstan, MPK: D 06 B 5/12 “Ustroystvo dlya zhidkostnoy obrabotki tekstil'nykh materialov [Device for liquid processing of textile materials].” / Badanov K.I., Kauymbayev R.T., Badanova R.R. http://kzpatents.com/0-pp17654-ustrojjstvo-dlya-zhidkostnojj-obrabotki-tekstilnyh-materialov.html. (accessed 15.01.2016) (In Russian)

6. Yepishkina, V. A. “O vozmozhnosti snizheniya ekologicheskoy nagruzki v protsessakh otdelki tekstil'nykh materialov [On the possibility of reducing the environmental load in the processes of finishing textile materials].” / V. A. Yepishkina, M. B. Arkhipova, A. M. Kiselev // Ekologiya i promyshlennost' Rossii. - 2000. - № 4. - S. 58-69. (In Russian)

7. Yepishkina, V. A. “Krasheniye sherstyanykh materialov kislotnymi krasitelyami s ratsional'nym ispol'zovaniyem vody [Dyeing of woolen materials with acid dyes with rational use of water].” YA. S. Boyko, V. A. Yepishkina, A. M. Kiselev, S. V. Spitskiy // Izvestiya vuzov. Tekhnologiya tekstil'noy promyshlennosti. – 2003. - №3. - S.64-67. (In Russian)

8. Robinson T., McCullan G., Marchant R., Nigam P. Remidiation of dyes in textile effluent: critical review on current treatment technologies with a proposed alternative. Bioresource Technology. - 2001. - № 77. - P. 247-255

9. Mirjalili M. and Karimi L. Extraction and Characterization of Natural Dye from Green Walnut Shells and Its Use in Dyeing Polyamide: Focus on Antibacterial Properties, Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 2013, available at: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/375352 (accessed 16 April 2024)

10. Le Coz, C.J., (2005). Dyes in Encycloped ia of Toxicology (Second Edition), W. Editor-in-Chief: Philip, Editor 2005, Elsevier: New Yo rk. 104-114.

11. Hernбndez-Montoya V., Pirez-Cruz, M.A., Mendoza-Castillo, D.I., Moreno-Virgen, M.R., & Bonilla-Petriciolet, A. (2013). Competitiveadsorption of dyes and heavy metals on zeolitic structures. Journal of environmental managemen t, 116, 213-221.

12. Samanta P. A Review on Application of Natural Dyes on Textile Fabrics and Its Revival Strategy. Chemistry and Technology of Natural and Synthetic Dyes and Pigments. Intech Open, Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90038 (access-ed 15 January 2024).

13. Noman Habib, Waseem Akram, Shahid Adeel, Nimra Amin, Mozhgan Hosseinnezhad and Ehsan Ul Haq. Environmental-friendly extraction of Peepal (Ficus Religiosa) bark-based reddish brown tannin natural dye for silk coloration. Environmental science and pollution research international, Vol. 29, 23:35048—35060. DOI:10.1007/s11356-022-18507-5.

14. Golikov V. P. “Organicheskiye khromaticheskiye materialy na osnove prirodnykh krasiteley v proizvedeniyakh iskusstva: priroda, tekhnologii prigotovleniya i primeneniya, metody issledovaniya [Organic chromatic materials based on natural dyes in works of art: nature, preparation and application technologies, research methods].” — M.: Institut Naslediya, 2020. — 296 c (In Russian)

15. A. M. Kiselov. “Ekologicheskiye aspekty protsessov otdelki tekstil'nykh materialov [Ecological aspects of textile finishing processes].”. Ros. khim. zh. (ZH. Ros. khim. ob-va im. D.I. Mendeleyeva), 2002, t. XLVI, № 1 (In Russian)

16. Uchebnoye posobiye po standartu ISO 14001:2004 c kommentariyami [Training manual on ISO 14001:2004 with comments] / Soobshchestvo ekologov «Promyshlennaya ekologiya». http://eco.com.ua/sites/eco.com.ua/files/lib1/navch_mat/iso_14001.pdf. (In Russian)

17. Sajda .S. Affat. Classifications, Advantages, Disadvantages, Toxicity Effects of Natural and Synthetic Dyes: A review. University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science (UTsci). Volume (8), № 1. http://doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v8/1/21

18. Kovtun Ye.G., Malankina Ye.L., Artamontseva L.V., Lyul'ko N.I. “Vliyaniye protsessa krasheniya shersti prirodnymi krasitelyami na rastvormost' sherstyanogo volokna v mochevino-gidrosul'fitnom i shchelochnom rastvorakh [Influence of the process of dyeing wool with natural dyes on the solubility of wool fiber in urea-hydrosulfite and alkaline solutions].” Tekhnologiya tekstl'noy promyshlennosti, 2007, № 3 (298) s.67-69 (In Russian)

19. Neborako O.YU. “Khimicheskaya modifikatsiya i issledovaniye svoystv prirodnykh krasiteley rastitel'nogo proiskhozhdeniya [Chemical modification and study of the properties of natural dyes of plant origin].” diss. kand. khim.nauk: 02.00.03. M., 2005. 120 s. (In Russian)

20. Kobrakov K.I., Kuznetsov D.N., Ruchkina A.G., Nadyrbayev I.A., Klyauzova A.V. “Sintez i issledovaniye svoystv azokrasiteley i azopigmentov na osnove polifenolov razlichnogo genezisa [Synthesis and study of the properties of azo dyes and azo pigments based on polyphenols of various genesis].” NefteGazoKhimiya, №1, 2018, s.25-28 (In Russian)