Негізгі сөздер: инновациялар, мамандандырылған киім, бактерияға қарсы қасиеттер, онкологиялық науқастар, респонденттер, жобалау, оңалту, функционалдық бөлшектер. EVELOPMENT OF SETS OF SPECIAL CLOTHING FOR CANCER PATIENS

В данной статье рассмотрены особенности материалов и производимого текстиля с антибактериальной пропиткой, способствующих реабилитации пациентов с онкологическими заболеваниями. Кроме того, представлены результаты исследования антибактериальных материалов на основные физико-механические свойства. Предложены комплекты одежды для улучшения общего состояния иммунитета во время прохождения лечения, с учетом результатов анализа анкетных данных, а также мнений респондентов-пациентов и врачей. Практическая значимость исследования заключается в использовании инновационных материалов с антибактериальными свойствами, предназначенных к разработке специализированной одежды для онкологических больных с функ-циональнодекоративными деталями.


Introduction
Most of the fabrics produced by the industry are used for the production of clothing. Clothing is necessary for a person to protect the body from the adverse effects of the external environment -low and high temperatures, excessive radiation, wind, rain, snow, etc. In addition, it protects against mechanical and chemical damage to the skin, protects the surface of the human body from dust, dirt, microorganisms, protects against insect and animal bites [1].
In the production of fabrics, fibrous sub-stances of vegetable (cotton, flax), animal (wool, silk) origin are used, as well as artificial (staple, silk), synthetic (nylon, lavsan). These fibers are characterized by heat resistance, hygroscopicity, air permeability, vapor permeability, water capacity, moisture evaporation, wetness, sorption properties, dust holding capacity, capillarity, and the absence of harmful impurities. These indicators relate to hygienic and are subdivided depending on the weight, thickness and porosity of the fabric ( Figure  1). In recent years, the question arises of the need to create completely new materials, the absence of which limits the possibility of producing commodities necessary for the modern national economy. This applies primarily to polymer materials, since depending on the structure of the initial monomers, conditions and methods of production, processing, they may have special predetermined properties. To impart some properties, certain substances and finishing methods are used. The processes of special treatments can be combined [2].
Due to the huge material losses caused by the action of microorganisms, currently more and more attention is being paid to the biosecurity of various materials, including textiles, damaged during their production, storage and exploitation. In addition, antibacterial and antifungal fibrous materials and products made from them are being created for the needs of medicine [3].

Object and methods of research
Innovative materials with antibacterial properties and clothing for oncopatients, taking into account the peculiarities of operation and treatment methods, are considered as objects of research.
The research method is equipment for determining the physical and mechanical properties of textiles, as well as the results of a questionnaire survey of respondents-patients and doctors.

Results and their discussion
The development of antibacterial tissue is carried out in parallel with the development of new medical technologies. Progress in this area is observed almost every year, as scientists are constantly striving to improve methods for obtaining antimicrobial coating. So, in 2007, the American scientist Stephen Michelsen developed a fabric with disinfecting properties based on highly creative dyes -profins and fluorescein. A little later, in Spain, a tissue with antimicrobial properties was created using a technique using zinc nanoparticles, ultrasound and enzymes. Now most large firms are trying to adapt a unique method of achieving antibacterial characteristics of the material based on their own developments [4].
As its name implies, this fabric is designed to prevent the spread of pathogenic microbes. In addition, there are other advantages of such a material: -reducing the number of stains on clothing, as bacteria stimulate the growth of stains, and if there are none, then the fabric is less susceptible to contamination; -the possibility of long-term use. Even after repeated washings, the material does not lose its properties and continues to create a barrier for microbes; -elimination of unpleasant odors of the human body. The antibacterial properties of the tissue do not allow pathogenic microorganisms to spread on the human skin, thereby preventing the occurrence of unnecessary odors, which is very important for bedridden patients and doctors who are constantly in stressful situations (during operations) [5].
As practice shows, this fabric has only one disadvantage, but it is very significant -it is the possibility of limited use. If a fabric with antimicrobial properties is put into mass production, then in a few years humanity will receive a huge number of new microbes that will be more resistant to any protection.
Based on the main advantages and disadvantages described above, it can be concluded that at this stage the use of antibacterial tissue is acceptable only in hospital settings [6].
The growing awareness of environmental problems every year leads to the emergence of new products with unique and innovative properties, including in the textile industry. The most preferred products are those produced through the reuse of waste. Milk is one such waste, in particular, the protein casein. This protein was used in the production of textile fibers back in the 1930s, but since formaldehyde was added during its creation, production became unprofitable. In recent years, the technology of creating textile fibers has been improved. In the modern technology of creating fibers, chemical impurities are not used, which makes its production environmentally friendly. Textiles with casein fibers have high absorbent properties. Products made of such fabric have natural antibacterial properties, are comfortable to wear, especially for people with skin diseases. This opens up great opportunities for the use of textiles in the medical sector [13].
One of the urgent problems is the need to use formaldehyde in its production, in addition, a lot of water was required to create the fiber. Recent studies have found a way to produce fiber without the use of formaldehyde, but at the moment textiles obtained by this method have not been put on sale. Casein can be extracted from dairy waste, becoming the most successful alternative to other natural fibers. The smooth structure of the fibers makes the fabric as smooth as silk, and the high moisture absorption makes them softer, allowing the use of such a fabric for patients with skin cancer, making their rehabilitation period more qualitative.
Milk silk has a number of advantages, namely: 1. fibers are easily mixed with fibers of other materials (wool, silk, artificial and natural fur, and so on); 2. easy to color, evenly absorbing particles of coloring matter; 3. protects against UV rays; 4. it is sterile, has antibacterial and deodorizing effect; 5. its fibers are used in cosmetology, medicine, pharmacy and other sciences; 6. supplies the skin with vitamins A, D and E, nourishing and moisturizing it; 7. slows down the aging process. Table 1 summarizes the developed innovative materials for the production of clothing with antibacterial properties. As can be seen from the table, the range of clothing produced from these materials consists mainly of underwear, sportswear, hosiery, etc. Conducting an expert survey For more efficient processing of information in this expert survey, the ranking method is selected. There are 20 men and women aged 20 to 35 years who are undergoing treatment for cancer, as well as oncologists. The answer options correspond to scores in the gradation from the most preferred to the least preferred (from 1 to 5).
The ordinal scale obtained as a result of ranking must satisfy the conditional equality of the number of ranks to the number of ranked objects. In some cases, the respondent is unable to indicate the order of two or more factors, or he assigns the same rank to different factors, and as a result, the number of ranks n is equal to the number of ranked factors [7].
For the consistency of expert assessments, the concordance coefficient W is calculated. We will consider the consistency of opinions sufficiently high if the concordance coeffi-cient is more than 0.4, average if it is 0.3-0.4 and low if 0.3. In this expert survey, the concordance coefficient was 0.6, which indicates a sufficiently high consistency of respondent's opinions.
During the analysis of the results of the expert survey, it was possible to establish the main factors of the formation of the model range: -loose fit in clothes, mainly straight silhouette; -the use of fabrics made of natural fibers with antibacterial treatment (cotton), since this type of fabric meets all the requirements of operation; -the color scheme is preferred in light blue and greenish shades; -the use of transforming parts in the production of clothing is welcome.
Thus, the competitiveness of clothing for cancer patients is determined by two factors: shaping and the choice of materials.
Investigation of the properties of materi-als2 experiments were conducted to determine the air permeability and the ability to pilling according to GOST (Figure 2). Bamboo fiber with silver threads and antibacterial copper fiber were selected to study the properties of the material (Figure 3). For the tested canvases, the number of test cycles corresponded to 125, 500 and 1000 turnovers. The tests for the bamboo canvas were carried out in 3 stages. Since bamboo fiber is made from natural fibers, at the end of 3 stages, 3 points were assigned for visual evaluation, taking into account 1000 turnovers. The tests for the cloth with copper fibers were carried out in 6 stages. The second cloth with copper fibers was awarded 5 points, taking into account 7000 turnovers. This indicator is due to the fact that fabrics with synthetic fibers in the composition neutralize the physical impact from the outside, and are almost not pilled.
The second test was carried out in order to identify the breathability of materials. The arithmetic mean of the test results and the coefficient of variation are calculated with an accuracy of 0.1% with a confidence probability of P = 0.95.
Air permeability R, mm/ s, is calculated by the formula , where qᵥ is the arithmetic mean of the air flow, dm3/min; A is the test area of the point sample, cm; 167 is the conversion factor for the air flow from dm³/min*cm², in mm/s. The air permeability index R for antibacterial fabric with copper fibers is 0,64, for bamboo fabric with silver fibers -5,10.
Based on the above, according to the pa-rameters of breathability, the fabric with silver fibers and antibacterial properties showed the best results. According to the parameter of pillingability, the best indicators are for the antibacterial cloth of black color with copper fibers [8].
Based on the results of an expert survey and processing of the data obtained, the main structural elements and the range of clothing were determined [9].

Conclusions
Clothing for patients with oncological diseases should take into account not only the usage conditions, but also be comfortable, functional-constructive, ergonomic and provide physiological and psychological comfort to the patient, protect against the negative effects of medications, have a rehabilitating beneficial effect on the patient's body undergoing the re-habilitation period. The solution of this task requires the formation of a rational assortment for cancer patients, as well as an increase in the efficiency of the production process of its development, which will allow designing universal clothing sets for a number of diseases.
The development of clothing made of innovative fabrics with antibacterial properties, taking into account aesthetic and functional-constructive functions, will not only facilitate medical procedures taking into account the course of the disease, but also greatly facilitate the rehabilitation of patients, increase the level of psychological and social protection of patients, which in the future will lead to an extension of life and improve its quality.
In connection with the advantages and disadvantages of the works studied in the course of the study, there is a need to improve the design process of clothing made of innovative fabrics with antibacterial properties for patients with oncological diseases.